Preheat and prep: Heat your oven to 400°F (205°C).
Pat the chicken dry with paper towels. This helps you get a better sear and keeps the chicken from steaming.
Season generously: In a small bowl, mix 1 teaspoon salt and 1/2 teaspoon pepper with the lemon zest, minced garlic, thyme, rosemary, and parsley. Rub this mixture all over the chicken.
Drizzle 1 tablespoon olive oil and toss to coat.
Heat the pan: Place a large oven-safe skillet (cast iron is great) over medium-high heat. Add 1 tablespoon olive oil and 1 tablespoon butter.
Sear the chicken: When the fat is hot and shimmering, add the chicken in a single layer. Don’t crowd the pan.
Sear 3–4 minutes per side until golden. You’re building flavor here, not cooking through.
Build the sauce base: Reduce heat to medium-low. Push the chicken to the edges and add the remaining 1 tablespoon butter to the center.
Stir in the red pepper flakes (if using), then pour in the chicken broth and 2 tablespoons lemon juice. Scrape up any browned bits with a wooden spoon.
Add Dijon (optional): Whisk in the Dijon mustard for a silkier sauce. Taste and adjust salt and pepper as needed.
Nestle and roast: Arrange lemon slices around and under the chicken.
Spoon some sauce over the top. Transfer the skillet to the oven and roast 10–15 minutes, or until the chicken reaches an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) for boneless thighs. Bone-in thighs may take 5–10 minutes longer.
Finish with freshness: Remove from the oven.
Let the chicken rest 3–5 minutes. Stir in any remaining lemon juice to taste (start with 1 teaspoon) for brightness. Sprinkle additional chopped parsley over the top.
Serve: Spoon the lemon-herb pan sauce over the chicken.
Pair with sautéed green beans, roasted asparagus, or a crisp arugula salad for a complete keto plate.